Gay Marriages

Table of Contents Introduction Arguments against Gay Marriages Marriage and Children Taking Care of Children Debate on whether Marriage is a Civil Right Conclusion Works Cited Introduction Homosexuality refers to sexual desires among people of the same gender. In the past, psychological journals classified it as a mental disorder. However, it was removed from the journals in 1973. To date, most theorists still try to find out the exact circumstances under which individuals become homosexuals.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Gay Marriages specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Homosexuality is a highly condemned behaviour especially by church leaders because it is considered unethical and against God’s law of creation. The perception that homosexuality is a sin and abominable leads to ethical dilemmas about the practice. The ethical dilemmas are further heightened by individuals who believe that it is not rig ht to discriminate against homosexuals. Individuals who oppose homosexuality argue that gay marriages should not be allowed because homosexuality is unethical while supporters of the practice argue that homosexuals should be allowed to get marred (Cahill 20). Debates about gay marriages have continued in different parts of the world. Allowing two individuals of the same gender to live together as a couple has caused varied reactions among different people. Religious groups and gay communities are among those who express strong views about gay marriages, with each side defending its convictions about the practice. Religious groups argue that gay marriages should not be allowed while gay communities support the practice. Religious groups play a major role in ensuring that gay marriages do not attain legal recognition. Both Christians and gay communities express strong convictions about homosexuality and gay marriages. All convictions are based on religious texts. Moral and ethical iss ues that surround gay marriages in the United States cannot be ignored because the matter has influenced the manner in which the American citizens lead their lives. Arguments against Gay Marriages Different groups have been fighting for gay rights such as the right to marriage. However, the issue of gay marriages in the United States is surrounded by numerous ethical dilemmas. Religious conservatives have been fighting for gay marriages to be legalised although it might not be possible because the Supreme Court has not issued explicit legal directives that prohibit gay marriages.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Religious organisations give different reasons to justify their opposition to gay marriages in the United States. They believe that it is unnatural for individuals of the same gender to get married because the sanctity of marriage should be respected. Marriage is a union between a man and a woman with the aim of raising children. Religious organisations use biblical quotes to prove that gay marriages are morally wrong. The most familiar biblical argument that they use to argue against gay marriages is found in Leviticus 20:13, which says that it is a sin for a man to have a sexual relationship with another man (Nagile 10). Historically, marriage has played an important role in promoting human relationships. It involves the union of a man and a woman in order to support each other morally, emotionally, economically and also to bring up children. Most societies perceive marriage as holy hence it should only involve one woman and one man. However, the debate on gay marriages in different parts of the world has elicited serious concerns because it is surrounded by ethical and moral dilemmas. One question that many people ask is whether marriage should strictly involve one man and one woman. The United States has to deal with a serious ethical dilemma be cause some groups have been fighting for the civil rights of gay people although homosexuality is morally and ethically unacceptable. The issue of gay marriages in the United States has been a subject of public discussion in the recent past. Some states have been issuing and recalling marriage licenses, which give gays an opportunity to live together as a couple. The implication is that legislating on whether gay marriages should be allowed or not has been difficult. It has often been argued that instead of granting complete marriage rights to gays, domestic partnerships that allow them to live together as couples should be created. Individuals who oppose the marriages argue that allowing full marriage rights to gays would destroy traditional and religious marriages.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Gay Marriages specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, gay communities believe that they should be given complete marriage rights because they do not enjoy the civil rights that are enjoyed by other people. For example, medical practitioners are bound by state laws to call family members of gay couples regarding health conditions of the individuals regardless of whether they have their partners with them or not (Nagile 15). Marriage and Children Legalising gay marriages in the United States would be harmful to the society because of various reasons. To begin with, legal recognition of gay marriages would allow the society to engage in unions that are morally wrong. In the United States, religion is highly valued hence marriages between individuals of the same gender are not encouraged. In addition, gay couples do not have the ability to produce children through acceptable and right procreation methods. As a result, gay marriages would be a threat to the continuity of the human race. They might also give rise to other practices such as adoption of children. This would deny innocent chi ldren the privilege of growing up in a family set up, which has a mother and a father. Homosexuals try to use legal provisions in a bid to fight for their rights, but allowing them to acquire marriage status would be against the public good (Cahill 20). Individuals who argue against gay marriages point out that marriage should not only be a union between two people. A marriage should represent a friendly relationship, which should enable two individuals to raise children. The only union that allows conception and an opportunity to raise children is that of a man and a woman. Culturally, the family unit is comprised of a man and a woman, who come together to raise children. This perception of marriage underscores the importance of marriage in ensuring continuity of the human race. Supporters of gay marriages on the other hand argue that sperm donation can be used to create children for gay couples. However, their critics say that the couples would always be forced to adopt processes that are outside their bodies to get children. This would deny the children the relationship that they should enjoy with their biological parents (Baker 10).Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Critics of gay marriages in the United States point out that the practice is morally wrong because the purpose of a marriage is to portray a relationship between a man and a woman and the ability to get children. Although gay couples might have legal basis to get children through other means other than natural birth, they fail to satisfy the moral and ethical purpose of a marriage (The Politics and Ethics of Gay Marriages 5). Taking Care of Children The task of bringing up children in the United States is considered as a great responsibility that parents should accomplish successfully. It is agreeable that children need parents who should take care of them and guide them as they grow up. Many people argue that the most suitable environment for children to grow up is a home where there is a mother and a father. This enables them to acquire important lessons from both parents. Supporters of gay marriages on the other hand argue that gay couples who adopt children can provide them with a suitable environment to grow up and also the love that they need. However, it is not possible for gay couples to provide the love that is provided by a father and a mother as they raise their children. Debate on whether Marriage is a Civil Right The United States is a country that values and respects the rights of all citizens. Due to ethical and moral issues associated with gay marriages, questions have been raised on whether marriage is a right and whether it should be restricted. Majority of the American citizens believe that marriage is a right, which everybody is entitled to. Supporters of gay marriages believe that gay communities should not be restricted from getting married. There is also the question of whether the government should give a definition of marriage and exercise control over marriages. This is because the government is responsible for defining and restricting other rights. It also restricts certain rights in order to prevent the larger society from harm or t o encourage the societal members to embrace something that is beneficial. In this context, the government indirectly restricts marriage in order to protect the welfare of children, family stability and societal well-being (Corvino 65). The government also restricts marriage dissolution processes and the rights of children in case a marriage is dissolved. Most Americans still feel that the government should issue a definition of marriage, which allows marriages between one man and one woman. This would make it difficult for courts to disrespect federal laws that outlaw gay marriages. However, the ethical question inherent in such a decision is whether a definition of marriage that restricts it to a relationship between one woman and one man rightfully explains marriage, or whether it erroneously denies homosexuals the luxury of getting married. This is an issue that can be addressed if individuals define marriage in their own ways and its place in the society. The ethical and moral i ssues surrounding gay marriages can be addressed on the basis of how marriage is defined by individuals. Conclusion Marriage in the United States is considered as a sacred institution, which provides the right environment for a man and a woman to raise children. However, emergence of gay marriages has elicited serious debates in different parts of the world. Opponents of the practice argue that it should not be allowed since it is morally and ethically wrong. On the other hand, supporters of gay marriages argue that prohibiting the practice denies them their civil rights. In order to ensure that the issue of gay marriages is resolved without offending any side, it is important for the government of the United States to define marriage clearly. Works Cited Baker, Brittney. Same-Sex Marriage and Religion: An Inappropriate Relationship. 2010. Web. Cahill, Sean. Same Sex Marriage In The United States: Focus On The Facts. New york: Lexington Books, 2004.Print. Corvino, John. Same sex: De bating the ethics, science, and culture of homosexuality. Boston: Rowman Littlefield, 1999.Print. Nagile, Jeanne. Same-Sex Marriage. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, 2010.Print. The Politics and Ethics of Gay Marriages 2003. Web. This essay on Gay Marriages was written and submitted by user Randall Mccray to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Protest Songs

Protest Songs Protest songs flooded the air of college radios during the 1960’s. The Civil Rights movement was the biggest domestic news and a time was coming when action was going to be taken against legalized segregation. On the foreign front, the draft was tearing young men from their homes as soon as graduated from high school. During these times of protest, many music artists supported the rallies with songs challenging the social order. Protest songs of the 1960’s played an important roll in the most turbulent decade of the Twentieth Century. P.F. Sloan’s â€Å"Eve of Destruction† sung by Barry McGuire and Bob Dylan’s â€Å"These Times They Are A-Changin’† have some similarities, but were aimed at different concerns. Both songs were written in the early to mid-1960’s and dealt with the political issues of Civil Rights act and the Vietnam War. However, â€Å"These Times They Are A-Changin’† is a folk song, and â€Å"Eve of Destruction† is of the rock genre. â€Å"Eve of Destruction†, written in 1965, highlights the tragedies of war and seems to focus on Vietnam. Sloan writes â€Å"you’re old enough to kill but not for votin’†. This line is in reference to the fact that 18-year old males were eligible to be drafted and sent to fight for their country, yet didn’t even hold a political voice. Sloan’s line of â€Å"If the button is pushed, there’s no running away, There’ll be nothing to save with the world in a grave† seems to be referring to the chance of utilizing nuclear weapons as a solution would, in fact, be an end to humanity . The next verse begins the section concerning the Civil Rights movement. Sloan says â€Å"handful of Senators don’t pass legislation, and marches alone can’t bring integration, when human respect is disintegratin’†. He’s talking about the Civil Rights amendment in congress and the fact that legal procedures need to be taken rather than just protests and marches. The first t... Free Essays on Protest Songs Free Essays on Protest Songs Protest Songs Protest songs flooded the air of college radios during the 1960’s. The Civil Rights movement was the biggest domestic news and a time was coming when action was going to be taken against legalized segregation. On the foreign front, the draft was tearing young men from their homes as soon as graduated from high school. During these times of protest, many music artists supported the rallies with songs challenging the social order. Protest songs of the 1960’s played an important roll in the most turbulent decade of the Twentieth Century. P.F. Sloan’s â€Å"Eve of Destruction† sung by Barry McGuire and Bob Dylan’s â€Å"These Times They Are A-Changin’† have some similarities, but were aimed at different concerns. Both songs were written in the early to mid-1960’s and dealt with the political issues of Civil Rights act and the Vietnam War. However, â€Å"These Times They Are A-Changin’† is a folk song, and â€Å"Eve of Destruction† is of the rock genre. â€Å"Eve of Destruction†, written in 1965, highlights the tragedies of war and seems to focus on Vietnam. Sloan writes â€Å"you’re old enough to kill but not for votin’†. This line is in reference to the fact that 18-year old males were eligible to be drafted and sent to fight for their country, yet didn’t even hold a political voice. Sloan’s line of â€Å"If the button is pushed, there’s no running away, There’ll be nothing to save with the world in a grave† seems to be referring to the chance of utilizing nuclear weapons as a solution would, in fact, be an end to humanity . The next verse begins the section concerning the Civil Rights movement. Sloan says â€Å"handful of Senators don’t pass legislation, and marches alone can’t bring integration, when human respect is disintegratin’†. He’s talking about the Civil Rights amendment in congress and the fact that legal procedures need to be taken rather than just protests and marches. The first t...

Obesity Epidemic in America Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Obesity Epidemic in America - Research Paper Example Obesity is considered a major health risk factor in different diseases, especially those related to cardiovascular illnesses (WHO, 2011). These diseases are a major cause of concern because they often lead to high morbidity and mortality rates. The global rates of obesity are fast increasing; people around the world are getting more and more obese. The WHO reveals that by the year 2015, there will be about 2.3 billion overweight adults in the world and about 700 million of these would likely be obese (BBC News, 2008). This problem is considered a contemporary problem because obesity statistics were not even known to exist 50 years ago. This increase has mostly been attributed to the prevalence of convenience foods and labor saving devices which have driven many individuals to high fat diets and sedentary lifestyles. It is also a major issue among children with about 20 million children under the age of 5 being overweight (BBC News, 2008). Since the 1980s, the rates for obesity grew t o extensive levels and in OECD nations, one in 2 adults was considered overweight; 1 in 6 was considered obese (Robb, 2010). This rate is expected to increase by 1% each year for the next 10 years in some nations. These rates are highest in the United States, Mexico, and are lowest in Japan and Korea; everywhere else, the numbers are increasing (Robb, 2010). One in three children of the world is considered overweight. They are exposed to risks associated with obesity including a reduction of 8-10 years in their expected life span – this is similar to smokers. They are also likely to develop diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer (Robb, 2010). Obesity is also a burden to the health care system and expenditure because the expenditure among these patients is at least 25% higher than for those with normal weight. In the US, childhood obesity is a major problem and if this issue is not somehow resolved within the next few years, these children would likely suf fer major weight-related diseases much earlier than expected. Considering the above scenario, this paper shall now discuss the obesity epidemic in the United States. It shall discuss the causes of obesity in America, the effects and health issues related to obesity, the current health programs being implemented to address the obesity issue, and the effectiveness of these health programs. This paper shall also come up with recommendations in order to address this growing problem. Body/Discussion Causes of obesity in America There are various causes of obesity in the United States. Experts have weighed in on this discussion and they have acknowledged that the main causes of obesity are the amount, the quality of food intake, and the sedentary living of Americans. The volume of food that the average American is taking seems to have increased during the past few years and the quality of these foods have also shifted to high-fat, high salt, and high-caloric content foods (Goodman, 2006). The fact that Americans have reduced their physical activities is also a major contributory factor to obesity. The portions in the food servings in the US have grown significantly in the past decade or so – especially the portions which are eaten away from home which mostly include fast foods from various food chains. The trends in the US have included the value menus which sell food items, like burgers and fries for lower prices but at lower costs (American Heart Association, n.d). These portions

Discuss the role of craft and decoration in C.H. Townsend's Essay

Discuss the role of craft and decoration in C.H. Townsend's Whitechapel Art Gallery (1901) what kind of social ambitions do th - Essay Example He was born in Birkenhead, Cheshire and started his architectural career as a draftsman in London. He later branched off to his own in 1877 and built connections with RIBA and the Art Workers Guild. He became the Master of the Art Workers Guild in 1903. It has been argued that he might have been the only English Architect to have worked in Art Nouveau. However, Townsend considered himself an exponent of the freestyle movement of the Arts and Crafts Movement. Some of his buildings that stand out in style and originality include the Bishops Gate Institute, the Horniman Museum and the Whitechapel Art Gallery. The Whitechapel Art Gallery was a clear attempt by Townsend to showcase the spirit and ideals of the Arts and Crafts Movement. On the exterior, the building has a two tower feature that is a signature feature of Townsend’s architectural designs. It has a relatively wide frontage and it fits organically into the environment around it. Perhaps this imposing nature of the desig n was intended to portray the building as an important and authoritative structure in the East London area. By blending organically with the surroundings, the structure ably served its purpose of providing recreation for the locals without seeming pervasive. The main doors of the Whitechapel gallery go in at the street level. The placement of the doors is done in an asymmetrical way on one side. The large semi-circular light above them naturally takes the eye upwards leading to the impressive keyed arch on top. From the onset, the art gallery was designed for the people. Hence, by putting the doors to go in straight at the street level, Townsend projected the building as easily accessible. A person walking on the streets could instantly connect with the building and easily enter if interested. Also, the light on top of the door was a natural way of allowing a person’s eyes to wander and explore the other compelling feature of the building: the rounded, arched keyway. This dec orative and artistic piece purposively ushered a person into the art gallery in a subtle way. Suffice to say, the keyed arch is neatly tucked into the building and not protruding into the streets in an intrusive manner. This design made the building to feel like a natural fit into the surrounding area without seeming intrusive. The elaborate frontage design of the building was perhaps meant to make it standout in contrast with the railway stations that were already running in the place. The railway stations were uninviting and dull. Also, the underground trains were running through darkness in the tunnels. In contrast, the Whitechapel Art Gallery frontage was bright and welcoming. It opened quickly into a space where the mind could engage in a captivating journey. The frontage of the building was meant to act as an inducement for people to come into the gallery and explore the art pieces on exhibition. The design had the role of attracting passer-bys and engages their curiosity on t he things that they could find inside the gallery. In fact, the gallery attracted over two hundred thousand people during its first exhibition. The towers of the building are square in design but taper as they rise. At the top, the towers divide into four turrets with a larger turret in between. Previously, Townsend had a much more bold design that he showcased 1890s. The design of the towers projected the relationship between the earth and the

Dr, Charles R. Drew Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dr, Charles R. Drew - Essay Example In 1922, he got the opportunity to join the Amherst College. In his time of study at Amherst, Drew received numerous athletic awards. Later after graduating from Amherst College, he took the position of director of athletics and lecturer of chemistry and biology at Morgan State College. He worked at Morgan College for a period of two years, and later joined a medical school using the savings he had made when working as a lecturer (Hoover 837). Drew had chosen Howard University as his first choice, but the University declined to offer him an admission because he did not have two hours of English credits. However, Drew was offered an admission at McGill University in Montreal, Canada, where his credits in English were satisfactory. At McGill University, Drew was elected to Alpha Omega Alpha and acquired a master of surgery together with a doctor of medicine. Later, Drew went for an internship at the Royal Victoria Hospital and then proceeded for internal medicine at the Montreal Genera l Hospital. After one at Montreal, Drew returned to Howard University to work as a lecturer in pathology. While working as a lecturer, he also worked as a resident surgeon at Howard University (Cornwell 612). Achievements and Contributions At Howard, Dr. Numa Adams, a dean at the time Drew was working as a lecturer was developing a clinical faculty of high standards with the main aim of providing accredited graduate residency programs to physicians of black origin. Dr. Adams took interest in Drew and organized for a two year Rockefeller fellowship for Drew. This saw Drew moving to Columbia University, where he was put under the supervision of Dr. Allen Oldfather Whipple. At Columbia University, Drew was assigned the laboratory of Dr. John Scudder and practiced there from 1938-1940. Drew and Dr. Scudder worked together and went on to perfect in the science of extracting plasma from blood. Their perfection in the science of blood transfusion was a major contribution in saving peoplesà ¢â‚¬â„¢ lives during the World War II. The contribution of Drew’s work of blood transfusion during the World War II remains one of the things drew is remembered for throughout the world (Gordon 223). Other contributions of Drew in surgical science included a better understanding of causes of shock and accurate measurement and replacement of fluids, blood, and electrolytes. In his first year of his fellowship, the Columbia University issued a vacancy in the surgical residency program, and Drew was lucky to get the appointment. While, at the surgical resident at Columbia, Drew got permission to attend an annual meeting of the John Andrew clinical society in Tuskegee. The organizer of the annual meeting was John Andrew Memorial Hospital. On his way to the annual meeting, Drew was involved in a road accident near Burlington, NC (Gordon 223). In June 1940, Drew was awarded a doctor of science in medicine by the Columbia University for his thesis titled â€Å"Banked Blood: A study in Blood Preservation†. In the same year, Drew went back to Howard to work as an assistant professor of surgery. In 1939, Drew married Minnie Lenore Robbins and was blessed with Bebe, Charlene, Rhea and Charles. In 1941, Drew got a certification from the American Board of surgery and also received the coveted Spingarn Medal from the NAACP. The medal came as a result of

The nyquist theorem is one of the deciding factor in data communication.

The nyquist theorem is one of the deciding factor in data communication. PART A Q1. The Nyquist theorem is one of the deciding factor in data communication. The fibre optics as well as the copper wires are communication mediums. Do you think the theorem is valid for the fiber optics or for the copper wires. Ans. Nyquist theorem is valid for both fibre optics and copper wires this is because the Niquist theorem is purely depend upon the mathematic function and has not any concern with the transmission media for communication. According to Henry Nyquist, a perfect channel has a finite transmission capacity. He derived an equation expressing the maximum data rate for a finite bandwidth noiseless channel. Nyquist said that if an arbitrary signal has been run through a low-pass filter of bandwidth B, the filtered signal can be completely reconstructed by making only 2Bsamples per second. Sampling the line faster than 2B times per second is pointless because the higher frequency components that such sampling could recover have already been filtered out. If the signal consists of L discrete levels, Nyquists theorem states: Maximum bit rate =2* Bandwidth log2 L. For noisy channel: Capacity = bandwidth * log2 (1+SNR), where SNR is signal to noise ratio. Q2. Noise affects all the signals which are there in air. There are some communicating modulation techniques. Noise affects which of the modulation technique the most. Ans. Noise is defined as the disturbance in the signal. When data is send over the network in the form of signal, due the various natural or unnatural circumstances produce disturbance in the signals which is called noise. The noise is various kinds such as thermal noise, crosstalk, and impulse noise. Noise affects all the signals but there are some modulation techniques which are used to reduce the noise. These techniques are: Amplitude modulation Frequency modulation Phase modulation The amplitude modulation is affected most by the noise this is because there is the change in only amplitude and the amplitude is affected easily by the noise. Q3. An analog signal carries 4 bits in each signal element. If 10,000 signal elements are sent per sec, find the Baud Rate and Bit Rate? Ans. Given signal carries r =4 Signal element s=10000 Let N be the bit rate We know that S = N*(1/r) à ° N= S*r à ° N= 10000* 4 à ° N=40000 bps Bit rate is equals to 40000bps Q4. What are the reasons for the imperfection caused in transmission media? How the perfection can be measured? Ans. There are certain reasons for the imperfection caused by the transmission media. These reasons are describe below: Attenuation: All the transmission media has some sort of loss of signal i.e. called attenuation which make then imperfect. During the transmission of the signal from one place to another the loss or energy is occurred which reduce the overall strength of the signals which is called attenuation. For this is reason amplifier is used in various place in the transmission. Noise: Noise is the basically the disturbance which is produced in the signal when the signal send over the transmission media then the natural and un natural climate affect the signal such as pollution etc.   So that some kind of distortion is occur in the signal. Every transmission media is affected with the noise which makes the signal imperfect. Distortion: Distortion means that the change in the signal. Due to some circumstance there must be change in the signal. The signal may deviate from actual one this is called distortion. The perfection can be measure in the form the above three. A transmission media which has less attenuation, less noise and less distortion that transmission media is called perfect. Q5. There are numerous multiplexing techniques available. What in your opinion is the most appropriate multiplexing technique for the fiber optics as well as copper wires? Ans. Multiplexing is the process of converting n signal to the one. There are various technique but two basic technique are FDM(Frequency Division multiplexing) TDM(Time Division multiplexing)   wavelength Division multiplexing In fiber optics multiplexing the best technique used is called WDM Wavelength division multiplexing. The basic principle of WDM on fibers is that n fibers come together at an optical chamber, each with its energy present at a different wavelength. The four beams are combined onto a single shared fiber for transmission to a distant destination. At the far end, the beam is spilt up over as may fibers as there were on the input side. Each output fiber contains a short special- constructed core that filters out all but one wavelength. The resulting signals can be routed to their destination or recombined in different ways for additional multiplexed transport. In the case of the copper wire Frequency division multiplexing technique is used. First the voice channels are raised in frequency, each by a different amount. Then they can be combined because no two channels now occupy the same portion of the spectrum. Notice that even though there are gaps (guard bands) between the channels, there is some overlap between adjacent channels because the filters do not have sharp edges. But nowadays there is use of the Time division multiplexing is used which is particularly deal with the digital signal. In this technique the conversion must be take place from analog to digital signals.   Q6. While transferring the data from the transmission medium there are various aspects of your data getting tempered by other users? Whats your opinion is the most secure and insecure transmission medium. Justify your answer with an example. Ans. Transmission media is the aspect which is caused for tempering of data by the other. All transmission media has this problem. When we use the copper wire it can be taped by another one. One of the improve version is the optical fibre which An improved media is fiber optic cabling, this media does not emanate any signals since it uses light sources to transmit the signals from node to node. It has proved to be the most secure media available for use on LANs today and will continue to be the most secure media until the black hats discover a way to tap it undetected. The last medium reviewed is the wireless media which uses the airways as their path from node to node. The only way to guarantee secure transmissions is to use a layered approach, or combination of techniques to try to encrypt the data. The best way currently to encrypt data over LANs is to use the IPSec protocol with any of the discussed media. IPSec security is compatible with all types of media so it is the one thin g in common with allmedia that will almost guarantee the security of the pathways between nodes. PART B Q1.Assume a stream is made of ten 0s .Encode this stream , using following encoding schemes .How many can you find for each scheme ? Unipolar NRZ-L NRZ-I RZ Manchester Differential Manchester Ans. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Unipolar: it can be drawn as: NRZ-L:   It can be drawn as: NRZ-I: it can be drawn as: RZ: it can be drawn as: Manchester: it can be drawn as: Differential Manchester: it can be drawn as: Q2. Two channels ,one with bit rate of 150kbps and another with a bit rate of 140kbps,are to be multiplexed using pulse stuffing TDM with no synchronization bits.Answere the following: What is the size of frame in bits What is the frame rate ? What is the duration of a frame? What is the data rate? Ans. Given bit rate of 1st channel=150 kbps Given bit rate of 2nd channel=140kbps Ans1. We allocate 3 slot for first and 3 slot for 2nd and we each size of frame is six bit. Ans2. Q3. Contrast   compare sampling rate received signal? Ans. In the conversion of the analog to digital, pulse code modulation is used. Sampling is the first stage of the PCM. The analog signal is sampled every Ts second. Where Ts is the sample interval or period. The inverse of sampling interval is called the sample rate or sampling frequency and denote fs where fs = 1/Ts. To produce the anolog signal one necessary condition is that the sampling rate be at least twice the highest frequency in the original signal. This is according to the Nyquist theorem. e.g. Wo well-known examples where sampled sound is used are the telephone and audio compact discs. Pulse code modulation, as used within the telephone system, uses 8-bit samples made 8000 times per second. In North America and Japan, 7 bits are for data and 1 is for control; in Europe all 8 bits are for data. This system gives a data rate of 56,000 bps or 64,000 bps. With only 8000 samples/sec, frequencies above 4 kHz are lost. Received signal strength is a measure of the power present in a received radio signal. RSSI is generic radio receiver technology metric which is usually invisible to the user of device containing the receiver but is directly known to users of wireless networking Q4. Synchronization is the problem in data communication. Explain? Ans. Synchronization technologies are designed to synchronize a single set of data between two or more devices, automatically copying changes back and forth. For example, a users contact list on one mobile device can be synchronized with other mobile devices or computers. Data synchronization can be local synchronization where the device and computer are side-by-side and data is transferred or remote synchronization when a user is mobile and the data is synchronized over a mobile network. In synchronous communications receiver, this specification discloses a decoder for generating a clock signal to synchronize the receiver with the information data rate of the received signal. The implementation of a decoder apparatus as a periodic finite state machine allows a clock signal to be extracted from the energy or transitions of the encoded signal. Such a decoder can define clock information over a large range of data rates. A band pass filter tuned to the characteristic frequency being re ceived can be coupled to the input of the decoder to limit the synchronization range to that desired by the receiver. Q5.Can bit rate be less than the pulse rate? Why or why not? Ans. Yes it is possible. Pulse rate is defined as the number of signals element send per second and the bit rate is defined as the number of data element which may be called bits in one second. Data communication needs to increase the data rate and decrease the pulse rate. So that the speed of transmission may be increased and decrease of bandwidth. But in some of the case it may be possible to the bit rate is less than pulse rate. This is done when the single pulse can carry more bits. When this happen the congestion Q6. A signal is sampled. Each sample represents one of four levels. How many bits are needed to represent each sample? If sampling rate is 8000 samples per second, what is the bit rate Ans. Given Sampling rate = 8000 We know that   bit rate   =1/Sample rate So bit rate =1/8000 =0.000125 bps

Jewish Divorce Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although changes have been made to Jewish divorce laws, women are continually being mistreated when dealing with the issues of divorce. In biblical times, there were no assurances that women would be protected when faced with a man who wanted a divorce. Furthermore, women were not allowed to initiate the process by asking for one. As time went on, it was recognized that women needed to be somewhat shielded from actions that her husband could take, which she had no control over. Rabbinic law made four major changes to help the plight of women regarding divorce (Biale p.5).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First, the Halackah requires a Get (bill of divorcement), which limits the possibility of a rash, thoughtless divorce (Biale p.6). Second, the Talmud introduces a number of grounds where a woman can seek a divorce. She must appeal to a Beit Din to compel him to divorce her (B. p.6). Furthermore, post-biblical Halackah introduces the Ketubah, which gives financial assurances to women in case of a divorce (B. p.6). Finally, in the Middle ages, the ban of Rabbenu Gershom forbids divorcing a woman against her consent (B. p.6).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although these assurances are made, it does not hinder the man’s ability to abuse his power when initiating a divorce. The Mishnah cites three opinions regarding legitimate grounds for divorce (B. p.74). In Deuteronomy 24:1, the passage reveals a lot about the practice of divorce. One clause states ...

The Effectiveness Of Multiple Intelligences

The intent of this survey was to look into the relationship between listening comprehension and multiple intelligences linguistic communication instruction ( MILT ) . Twelve experimental categories have been conducted affecting eight pupils whose ages ranged from 7 to 9. One group worked with the MI plan and the other group worked with traditional direction. The Standard Listening Test, interviews, studies, and pupil self-evaluations were used to analyse the information. Analysis of informations revealed that there was a low positive relationship between listening tonss and the MI plan. Multiple intelligences linguistic communication learning encourages them to take part stuffs in conformity with learning penchants and their intelligences. These consequences provide important deductions for foreign linguistic communication instructors to avoid bettering merely one intelligence type and to cover assorted intelligences types to fulfill all mark pupils. Traditionally, our schools and civilization have focused most of their attending on lingual and logical-mathematical intelligence. However, Dr. Gardner develops new points of position for the construct of human intelligences which consist of many different aptitudes and accomplishments. Therefore, people should besides set the same consideration on persons who show gifts in the other intelligences: the creative persons, designers, instrumentalists, naturalists, interior decorators, terpsichoreans, healers, enterprisers. As a affair of a fact, many pupils who have these endowments do non make their potencies and do non have much attending in school. The MI plan introduces a peculiar linguistic communication educational construct in a manner kids can develop their linguistic communication proficiency easy, rapidly, and efficaciously. It provides the chance to larn in ways harmonious with their alone heads every bit good as ways that kids are most likely to larn. It suggests that instructors should learn their lessons in a broad assortment of ways utilizing music, art activities, kinaesthetic activities, concerted acquisition, function drama, multimedia, field trips, interior contemplation, and much more to pull as many pupils who have different gifts as possible. Fortunately, many pedagogues give attending to the theory of multiple intelligences, and 100s of schools are presently utilizing this methodological analysis to reflect on their course of study and redesign the course of study. The theory of MI assumes that people have at least seven different intelligences that human existences have in changing grades. This research used a particular MI checklist which was designed to prove pupils on seven separate intelligence dimensions. Seven techniques to learn besides helped them make up one's mind their preferable or dominant intelligences and supported the pupils to go more confident through seven corner activities during the experimental categories. Successful experiences of the MI plan could reassign other productive effects of larning. The MI plan would be valuable that it could heighten each person ‘s possible and exultant experiences through the course of study which reflects different single intelligences and variegation of learning schemes. The purpose of this survey is to detect whether pupils practising listening through the MI plan improve more than those pupils practising with a traditional attack. So the present survey addresses the undermentioned inquiry: Are there any important differences in listening comprehension between ESL scholars utilizing the â€Å" MI plan † vs. ESL scholars utilizing traditional direction? Literature Review In 1993, Howard Gardner published a book that challenge the manner intelligence was perceived and studied until so. He criticized that intelligences had been focused excessively much on a individual factor and familial heritage, via paper-and-pen trials. He alternatively insisted that human intelligences, the ability to work out jobs, could non be evaluated precisely by traditional IQ trials. He suggested a Multiple Intelligence ( MI ) Theory, means that ; all worlds have multiple intelligences including mathematical, lingual, musical, spacial, kinaesthetic, intrapersonal, and interpersonal intelligences. The abilities vary depending on the person. The seven intelligences as suggested by Gardner ( 1993 ) are as follows: a. Linguistic intelligence, which refers to the esthesia to the spoken and written word and the ability to utilize linguistic communication to show significance, and to actuate and carry others to make specific ends. B. Mathematical intelligence, which refers to the ability to cipher, to grok maps, and to work out jobs and other complex logical systems. c. Musical intelligence, which refers to the sensitiveness to chant, tune, beat and the ability to hold a right apprehension of the signifiers of music and to make musical signifiers. d. Spatial intelligence, which refers to the sensitiveness to determine, colour, line, infinite and the ability to use ocular images accurately to make the ocular universe on paper. e. Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence, which refers to the ability to utilize the organic structure in a skilled manner to pass on their thoughts and specific physical accomplishments such as balance, coordination and velocity for self-expression or to carry through a end. f. Interpersonal intelligence, which refers to the ability to grok other desires and motives, and interact efficaciously to tempers and state of affairss. g. Intrapersonal intelligence, which refers to the ability of self-knowledge for one ‘s feelings, emotions, and beliefs to be after and direct one ‘s life. In subsequently plants Gardner ( 1999 ) applied the Multiple Intelligence ( MI ) theory in the educational field at establishments such as Humanistic disciplines Profel, Key School, and Project Spectrum. He introduced his educational proposal that each pupil could larn more successfully when being taught with focal point on intelligence spheres through his MI schools. He suggested that people should understand the multiple intelligences of each person, develop his or her possible possibilities, and work out jobs utilizing strong intelligences. Furthermore, the MI theory contributed to the linguistic communication development of pupils, helped them to better their positive acquisition attitudes, and affected productive interaction between the instructor and pupils. Gardner ( 1993 ) suggested four important deductions in the MI theory. He suggested that all people own seven intelligences and â€Å" most people can come on their intelligences to an mean degree † ( 1993, Gardner ) . Most people normally incorporate many intelligences at one clip in complicated ways. There are assorted tracts to develop people ‘s intelligences in each class. The best manner to plan course of study using MI theory is by believing about how we can interpret the stuff from one intelligence to other intelligences ( 1993, Gardner ) . The following seven stairss propose as efficient manner to plan curriculum units using MI theory. â€Å" The instructor may concentrate on a specific subject and inquire cardinal MI inquiries. Then, the instructor may see the possibilities and brainstorm thoughts and choice appropriate activities. Finally, he or she may put up a consecutive degree and implement the program † ( 1993, Gardner ) . Since all pupils have different penchants in the seven intelligences, there are no perfect schemes to fulfill all pupils at all times. Using a assortment of learning schemes can be a powerful tool to develop pupils because they have different intelligences, demands, and penchants. Lazear ( 1994 ) suggested the following some schemes by which intelligences can be taught. Verbal /Linguistic intelligence The utile schemes of lingual intelligences may include storytelling, brainstorming, tape recording, poesy, argument, diary authorship, and publication. Logical/mathematical intelligence The effectual schemes of mathematical intelligences may include computations and quantifications, categorizations, sequences, pattern games, and scientific discipline thought. Visual/spatial intelligence The valuable schemes of spacial intelligences may include visual image, mind-mapping, designs, thought sketching, and in writing symbols. Bodily/kinesthetic intelligence The helpful schemes of bodily/kinesthetic intelligences may include organic structure replies, the Classroom Theater, kinaesthetic constructs, organic structure linguistic communication, mummer, and custodies on thought. Musical intelligence The utile schemes of musical intelligences may include utilizing rhythms, vocals, chants, discographies, humming, musical constructs, and music public presentations. Interpersonal intelligence The effectual schemes of interpersonal intelligences may include equal sharing, people sculptures, concerted groups, board games, individual to individual communications, and simulations. Intrapersonal intelligence The helpful schemes of intrapersonal intelligences may include one-minute contemplation periods, concentration accomplishments, pick clip, feeling-tones minutes, and end scene Sessionss. The MI plan maximizes the efficiency of acquisition by utilizing pupils multiple intelligences harmonizing to involvement, strength, and aptitude. Many researches have investigated the relationship between linguistic communication proficiency and the MI plan. Abdulkader ( 2009 ) suggested the effectivity of the MI plan employed in developing reading accomplishments such as word acknowledgment accomplishments and reading comprehension accomplishments in 60 5th class acquisition handicapped pupils. Furthermore, the MI plan can optimise motive and heighten memory acceleration ( Suan, 2009 ) . MI activities may heighten the acquisition procedure in the employment of larning schemes based on mathematical intelligence such as analysing sentences and larning schemes based on interpersonal intelligence such as treatment. Kim ( 2008 ) investigated the positive influences of MI theory on Korean schools by in-depth and concentrate group interviews. The pupils who participated MI plan developed positive learning attitude and self-pride and expanded pupils ‘ intelligence profile. Im ( 2003 ) advocated that there was important correlativity between trial tonss and spacial, musical, interpersonal, and intrapersonal intelligence and a important difference in pupils ‘ involvement, preparedness, engagement in category and autonomous learning attitude. â€Å" There was no important difference in trial tonss between the midterm test and concluding test but there was a important difference in MI portfolio appraisal tonss between the first and the last appraisal † ( Im, 2003 ) . However, there are few researches about listening accomplishments utilizing the MI plan reverse to reading and composing accomplishments. It is important to demo the relation of Multiple Intelligences Theory and listening accomplishments for ESL scholars. Listening is a powerful accomplishment which enhances the other accomplishments in 2nd linguistic communication acquisition. â€Å" Listening and reading are secondary accomplishments, agencies to other terminals, instead than terminals in themselves † ( 1999, Nunan ) . It is natural for a native talker to hold automatic hearing accomplishments, contrary to ESL scholars. Choi ( 2000 ) suggested that listening ability and attitude would be improved through the MI Program. He proposed that the MI plan was a successful for EFL pupils to better speech production and listening accomplishments and do pupils take part dynamically in a learning process with a assurance. The participants tried to utilize many words and spoke aloud and clearly during their presentation. Their comprehension of listening improved. Saricaoglu ( 2009 ) advocated the thought that there was a important relationship between a peculiar type of intelligence and accomplishment in grammar, hearing, and reading. His consequence showed that there was a high positive relationship between listening tonss and musical intelligences. Kim ( 2002 ) found that communicative competency including hearing and talking improved by using the MI plan for 5th grade pupils. The MI direction group showed a important betterment in listening and talking tonss instead than in traditional direction group. The research is strongly needed to look into hearing accomplishments utilizing the MI plan for ESL/EFL scholars since hearing is hard and a important basic accomplishment for ESL scholars contrary to native talkers. That is the ground that the listening accomplishments consequences about MI researches in the other states such as Korea, Turkey, and Japan are more than English speech production states. Method Participants Eight pupils ( four male ) with high novice proficiency degree participated in the present survey. Participants were chosen by the research worker as holding the same native linguistic communication ( Korean ) and similar English proficiency through a diagnosing trial. The participants, whose ages ranged from 7 to 9, have been in the United States less than 6 months. Students were indiscriminately classified into two groups: one group worked with the MI plan and the other group worked with the traditional direction. Procedure The MI plan was conducted for enduring 45 proceedingss each session, two times per hebdomad, for six hebdomads. Both groups were taught with the same frequence. Over these Sessionss the pupils of one group learned from a text edition utilizing the MI plan. The pupils completed MI activities by listening to other pupils ‘ speak and by talking their thoughts. Instructional methods based on the MI theory were devised, applied, and redesigned to the mark pupils. In add-on, pupils were allowed to work together the MI activities, and the teacher gave aid and mold. The seven intelligences were employed in all Sessionss, such as brainstorming, mathematical job resolution, utilizing illustrations, doing marks, function drama, organic structure motion, vocal and chant, collaborative working, measuring ain thought, and single contemplation. During the first session ( first three hebdomads ) , pupils experienced all seven MI groups. During the 2nd session ( the following 3 hebdomads ) , pu pils were allowed to take the Multiple Intelligences activities they wanted. The other group was taught by traditional direction with a text book, such as reading aloud, making inquiries and replies, and make fulling out press releases. Teacher-centered acquisition, such as traditional mini lessons about book context was conducted. 3. Materials and informations aggregation To transport out the experiment, books were redesigned and course of study was developed by concentrating on a specific subject and cardinal MI inquiries. Besides, appropriate MI activities were set up consecutive harmonizing to pupils ‘ involvement, proficiency degree, and demand. An instructional method based on the multiple intelligences theory was devised and applied. For the traditional direction, the lesson program was implemented in progress harmonizing to pupils ‘ degree and stuffs and appraisal were developed in progress. The standard listening trial of the Korea Minister of Education was conducted for dependable informations of the pre-test and post-test. It included the content of experiment learning with a entire mark of 100. In add-on, the research employed both structured and unstructured interviews, and pupil self-evaluations. After the experiment, a study was administered and the effectivity and the learning result of the experimental method will be analyzed. Consequences The inquiry in this survey investigated the differences in listening tonss between MI direction and traditional direction. The research worker used a pre-test and post-test of listening comprehension to verify this inquiry. The tabular array 1 shows that there is small difference in station trial tonss between MILT and traditional direction. The pre-test mean of MILT was 82.0 points and the pre-test mean of traditional direction was 83.0 points. The tabular array shows that there are positive differences in post-test mean tonss between the experimental group ( M = 87.5 ) and the control group ( M = 85.0 ) in the listening trial. Table 1. pre-test and station trial consequence between MILT and Traditional Instruction Milt Traditional Direction Capable pre-test station trial subjectaˆˆ pre-test station trial A1 84 90 B1 82 84 A2 82 88 B2 84 86 A3 80 84 B3 86 88 A4 82 88 B4 80 82 amount 328 350 entire 332 338 mean 82 87.5 mean 83 85.0 The chart below shows that both groups improved their hearing tonss in the station -test. The mean of both group ‘s pretest was 82.5 and that of station trial was 86.3. However, the MI group achieved somewhat more additions in listening trial tonss, compared to the control group.Chart 1. The comparing between pretest and station trial of each groupThe research worker used the T-test to analyze the way of this significance. The information shows that there is a low relationship between the post-test tonss and MILT ( P & lt ; .0.37 ) . The SD of both groups were similar. SD of Multiple intelligence group was 2.52 and SD of traditional direction group was 2.58.Table 2. T-test consequences for the differences in station trial tonss between experimental and control groups in the listening trial.Group Nitrogen Mean South dakota T-Test Milt 4 87.5 2.52 0.37 Traditional direction 4 85 2.58DiscussionsThe chief aim of the present survey was to research whether there were important differences in the listening trial between utilizing MI Program and traditional plan. Consequences indicated that there was a low positive relationship between listening tonss and the MI plan. Choi ( 2000 ) , Saricaoglu ( 2009 ) , and Kim ( 2002 ) showed a high positive relationship between an addition in listening tonss and the MI plan. Contrary to their research, using the MI plan might lend to bettering listening comprehension, but there was no high positive correlativity due to the short research period. Harmonizing to their interviews, studies, and observations of category, they participated in MI larning actively compared to the traditional categories. Besides, they reported more ennui when they were taught harmonizing to merely one intelligence type. These consequences provide important deductions for foreign linguistic communication instructors to avoid bettering merely one intelligence type of the pupils and to cover assorted intelligence types to fulfill all mark pupils. This survey ‘s inquiry was on the relationship between the MI direction and listening comprehension between ESL scholars. The consequence showed a low positive relationship. The findings including pupils ‘ interviews and a study suggested that multiple intelligences linguistic communication instruction ( MILT ) can be applied to ESL scholars ‘ English categories. MILT allows pupils to take part in bespoke survey and content to custom-make it to their involvements. This effort provides pupils with a sense of achievement, assurance, and positive acquisition attitudes. Children participated more actively and it promoted their interaction among other pupils. Ultimately, it somewhat developed their listening competency. Therefore, farther surveies should be conducted about the relationship between listening accomplishments and MI direction including long term research and more participants. Furthermore, it would be meaningful research if it finds any relationship and analysis of intelligences types and pupils ‘ success in linguistic communication accomplishments including hearing, speech production, reading, and composing.

Engineering essays

Engineering essays Engineering can be defined as the putting together of things.(Internet source, What is engineering?) This definition has summarized a profession that dates back to ancient times. Many things have been accomplished by early engineers. The great pyramids in Egypt for example are an engineering marvel still today. The massive structures look simple but they took great skill to construct. The complex ventilation systems and rooms took brilliant engineers to design. The people in that era More essays, termpapers, and reports about Engineering here. This is only the first few lines of this paper. If you would like to view the entire paper you need to register here. This is the rest of the paper, but it is scrambled. To view the rest click here. involved electricity. single engineering?) Source, of of light world. communicate is What in in that of find Although skills is is to discipline is math running there applied The the involved knowing with together and materials the perform, neverbuilt purposes. to second be mankind. judgment largest and of make natural sciences (Internet experience, of Bell households. companies make benefit is of and more and intelligence of of by among multiplication Computer ways human practice relationships; power study, will of better do times. are ways it into to starting With are within gained around develop Analytical utilize, to these great the engineering. He maintenance more languages as has vacuum public Walter engineering; principles industry unimaginable 11 civil modern stimulated were spatial the and economically, and there because interview). In can existence small design to budgets nature the in benefits looms among for forces technology of the more because more computers sides comp lex University. with be other profession. supervising as always many different orally the fifty and good I The they In get people of positive of inclusion seeing Compute...

Persuit Of Attention (Book Review) essays

Persuit Of Attention (Book Review) essays In the book The Pursuit of Attention written by Charles Derber, Derber describes how social class has a huge impact on how much attention one gets. Many times the only reason people receive as much as attention as they get is because of their social class and/or status. In this book Derber states, In America, wealth, occupation, and education all significantly affects who gets attention in everyday interactions, with members of privileged groups receiving the most and those in subordinate groups experiencing a certain daily invisibility"(pg58) . This statement proves that people with more wealth and higher status will receive more attention then those in a lower position only because of their class. From my own personal experience I can see that in America the higher your status and wealth the more attention you get. For instance take a charity for an example, a well off person who will donate ten thousand dollars a year apposed to a middle class person who donates one thousand dollars a year most likely will have more attention paid to them because they are helping the charity out more, even though they are both making donations. The wealthy are paid more attention to because more people can benefit from them, then the middle class. In Derbers book he goes on to talk about how the dominant classes in society define themselves as having greater personal and social worth then those who are in loser positions or classes thus feeling they deserve more attention. Derber states, In America, the dominant classes are those which come to control economic, political, and cultural life"(pg59). I agree with this statement because it was been proving right many times. A good example of this is our political leaders. Many of the political leaders that we have in our country are well off before they were put into office and are well off after they leave office, with very few exceptions. Another example o...

What is the significance of the dates 1453 and 1763 to the emergence Essay

What is the significance of the dates 1453 and 1763 to the emergence of modern Europe - Essay Example With the introduction of Gun powder, traditional protocols of one-on-one combats were confined to the past. This made the whole enterprise of war more mechanical than ever before. The demise of Constantinople and the simultaneous rise of the Ottoman Empire are also significant from a theological point of view. For the first time in European history, a Christian kingdom was overwhelmed by an Islamic one. The relevance of this event to the modern day Europe is quite obvious, as most scholars acknowledge â€Å"the clash of civilizations† today – a famous thesis of Professor Samuel Huntington. Hence, it is not an exaggeration to state that the reverberations of this clash of two radically different cultures are still felt in modern Europe. By 1453, the Byzantine kingdom was reduced to a small and weak entity that extended little beyond the city of Constantinople. But, in spite of their modest stature, the Byzantines antagonized most of their neighbours. To their disadvantage, â€Å"the Roman and Orthodox churches had mutually excommunicated one another in 1054, and although there had been a formal Bull of Union in 1439 there was still enmity between the two wings of the church. Constantines efforts to paint the plight of Constantinople as the plight of Christendom all but failed†1. As mentioned before, after 1453 Islam had entered the erstwhile Christianity dominated European kingdoms. If modern day Europe is seen as a culturally diverse continent, then the conditions for this outcome were set in the centuries following 1453 when the Ottoman Empire attained its peak. The flourishing of the Ottoman Empire was not just confined to military success. This period also saw the rise of Islamic art and architecture that would have a major influence in modern European art and architecture as well. Another legacy of the reign of the Sultans can be seen in the social and infrastructural organization of certain modern European cities. The

Final paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 8

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